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Chengai
INTRODUCTION
The Standard Malaysian Name for the timber of Neobalanocarpus heimii (Dipterocarpaceae). Vernacular names applied include penak (Peninsular Malaysia). The name chengal is so popular, that many other species have been given vernacular names bearing the name chengal. Neobalanocarpus is a monotypic genus. The sapwood is light yellow and sharply defined from the heartwood, which is light yellow-brown with a distinct green tinge, darkening on exposure to dark purple-brown or rust-red.
Also known as Chengal (Brunei); and Chan Ta Khien, Chi-ngamat, Takian Chan and Takian Chantamaeo (Thailand).
TEXTURE
Texture is fine and even, with shallowly to deeply interlocked grain.
STRENGTH PROPERTIES
The timber falls into Strength Group A (Engku, 1988b) or SG 1 (MS 544:Part 2:2001).
USES
The timber is suitable for all forms of heavy construction, railway sleepers, heavy duty furniture, laboratory benches, bridges, marine construction, boat building, telegraphic and power transmission posts and cross arms, piling, mallets, flooring (heavy traffic), decking, vehicle bodies (framework and floor boards), fender supports, cooling towers (structural members), staircase (balusters, carriages, handrails, newels, risers, stringers, treads, bullnoses, round ends and winders), columns (heavy duty), door and window frames and sills, tool handles (impact), carving works and other uses where strength and durability are required.
Dark Red Meranti
INTRODUCTION
The Standard Malaysian Name for the dark red and lightweight timber of the genus Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae). Vernacular names used include meranti (Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak) with various epithets, seraya (Sabah) with various epithets, nemesu (Peninsular Malaysia), nemusu (Peninsular Malaysia), seraya (Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah), obar suluk (Sabah) and also various local names too numerous to list here. Major species producing this timber include S. acuminata (partly), S. argentifolia, S. curtisii, S. ovata, S. monticola, S. pauciflora, S. platyclados and S. slootenii. The sapwood is pink with a grey tinge and is not clearly defined from the heartwood, which is medium red to deep red to deep red-brown.
Also known as Dark Red Meranti (Brunei); Meranti ketuko, Meranti Merah and Meranti merah tua (Indonesia); Dark red Lauan, Dark Red Philippines Mahogany, Mayapis, Red lauan, Tangile and Tiaong (Philippines); and Saya and Saya-Daeng (Thailand).
TEXTURE
Texture is moderately coarse and even, with interlocked grain.
STRENGTH PROPERTIES
The timber falls into Strength Group C (Engku, 1988b) or SG 5 (MS 544:Part 2:2001).
USES
The timber is suitable for joinery, furniture, high class interior finishing, flooring, decking, panelling, partitioning, mouldings, skirtings, fancy doors, door and window frames and sills, staircase (angle blocks, rough bracket and tread), plywood, railway sleepers, posts, beams, joists, rafters, pallets (expendable type), vehicle bodies (framework, floor boards and planking), ship and boat building (keels, keelsons, framework and general planking), cooling tower (non structural members) and other light constructional works.
Yellow Balau
INTRODUCTION
The Standard Malaysian Name for the heavy, yellow to brown timbers of the genus Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae). Vernacular names applied include balau (Peninsular Malaysia) with various epithets, selangan batu No. 1 (Sabah), selangan batu (Sabah and Sarawak) and other localised names too numerous to be listed here. Major species include S. atrinervosa, S. foxworthyi, S. glauca, S. laevis, S. materialis, S. maxwelliana, S. submontana and S. sumatrana. The sapwood is lighter in colour and is sharply defined from the heartwood, which is yellow or grey-brown and darkens to deep brown on exposure.
Also known as Selangan batu (Brunnei); Phchok (Cambodia); Sal (India); Anggelam, Balau, Bangkirai and Dammar laut (Indonesia); Mai chik khok (Laos); Thitya (Myanmar); Gisok, Malayakal and Yakal (Philippines); and Aek, Ak, Balao, Takhian-samphon, Teng and Rang (Thailand).
TEXTURE
Texture is fine and even, with deeply interlocked grain.
STRENGTH PROPERTIES
The timber falls into Strength Group A (Engku, 1988b) or SG 1 (MS 544:Part 2:2001).
USES
The timber is suitable for all forms of heavy construction, marine construction, ship and boat building (keels, keelsons and framework), piling, beams, columns (heavy duty), bridges, wharves, cooling tower (structural member), railway sleepers, vehicle bodies (framework and floor boards), boat building, plywood, joinery, cabinet making, mallets, fender supports, door and window frames, staircase (carriage, newel and stringer), pallets (heavy and permanent type), tool handles (impact), telegraphic and power transmission posts and cross arms, posts, joists, rafters, flooring (heavy traffic), decking and heavy duty furniture.
Kekatong
INTRODUCTION
The Standard Malaysian Name for the timber of Cynometra spp. (Leguminosae). Vernacular names applied include belangan (Peninsular Malaysia), belangkan (Peninsular Malaysia), katong-katong (Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah) and kekatong laut (Peninsular Malaysia). Major species include C. elmeri, C. iripa, C. malaccensis, C. mirabilis and C. ramiflora. The sapwood is lighter in colour than the heartwood and not well defined from the heartwood, which is red-brown or claret-red with streaks of lighter colour.
Also known as Chom prinh (Cambodia); Moivi and Tongatu (Fiji); Ping (India); Kateng and Kepel (Indonesia); Mai li (Laos); Myinga (Myanmar); Balitbitan and Oringen (Philippines); and Katong and Mang Kha (Thailand).
TEXTURE
Texture is moderately fine and uneven, with straight to shallowly interlocked grain.
STRENGTH PROPERTIES
The timber falls into Strength Group A (Engku, 1988b) or SG 2 (MS 544:Part 2:2001).
USES
The timber is suitable for heavy construction under cover, telegraphic and power transmission posts and cross arms, beams, posts, joists, rafters, door and window frames and sills, flooring (heavy traffic), fender supports, railway sleepers when treated, cooling tower (structural members), staircase (apron linings, balustrades, newels and stringers), vehicle bodies (framework and floor boards), pallets (heavy duty and permanent tyrpes), tool handles (impact) and laboratory benches.
Yellow Meranti
INTRODUCTION
The Standard Malaysian Name for the timber of the Richetia group of Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae). Vernacular names applied include bam (Pahang), damar hitam (Peninsular Malaysia) with various epithets, meranti (Peninsular Malaysia and Sarawak) with various epithets, seraya (Pahang), seraya kuning (Sabah) with various epithets and other localised names too numerous to list here. Major species include S. dolichocarpa, S. faguetiana, S. gibbosa, S. hopeifolia, S. longisperma, S. maxima and S. multiflora. The sapwood is lighter in colour and is clearly defined from the heartwood, which is lighter yellow-brown with a green tinge, darkening to deeper shades of yellow-brown or brown.
Also known as Yellow Meranti (Brunei); Dammar hitam, Dammar kelepek and Meranti kuning (Indonesia); Bam, Manggasinoro and Yellow Lauan (Philippines); and Kalo (Thailand).
TEXTURE
Texture is moderately coarse but even, with usually interlocked and sometimes wavy grain.
STRENGTH PROPERTIES
The timber falls into Strength Group C (Engku, 1988b) or SG6 (MS 544: Part 2: 2001).
USES
The timber is suitable for general utility purpose, light construction, planking for vehicle bodies as well as ship and boat building, panelling, mouldings, partitioning, shop and office fittings, furniture, joinery, flooring, decking, staircase (angle blocks, rough bracket, apron lining, baluster, balustrade and sprandrel framing), tool handles (non impact), pallets, railway sleepers, posts, beams, joists, rafters and pencil. This timber is highly prized as a plywood species.